Black Church Culture and Community Action - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1010 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category Culture Essay Level High school Tags: Ethnographic Essay Did you like this example? According to The beginning Years of Grace Memorial Presbyterian Church article, there were a variety of churches that were not for black citizens to attend, but it is seen throughout history some churches started to be established by black folk(beginning 1). How did the establishment of the Grace Memorial Presbyterian Church influence areas such as the Hill district and the Northside? How did the Presbyterian Church help the community such as the Hill District as well? These are questions being presented because, throughout the Article, it is noticeable how much the black church helped the black community. Throughout this paper, it will be explained as to how the black church helped the black community.. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Black Church Culture and Community Action" essay for you Create order These Grace Memorial Presbyterian churches helped influence the community by giving the community a place to praise when they had no other place to go and worship. These churches gave them a space to clear their minds and feel safe and at peace. The black churches helped by doing social events. The social events helped attract more people into the church community as well as connect different churches. Black churches such as Grace Memorial Presbyterian Church influenced black communities to be active and engage with other black citizens within their communities. Churches were involved in so many events back in the 1700s to 1970. Many of the black churches were involved in many issues black citizens had back then, in the attempt to overcome many of the issues. Churches held black communities at unity with different programs and clubs for children as well as adults. The programs the black churches created helped with getting more people into the church. The churches can teach that not everything that happens cruelly and violently does not always be to result in violence. The Unity the black community held was a great cause of the black churches causing black citizens to never give up. African-Americans were not invited to churches by whites, therefore African-Americans started to abandon the white Presbyterian churches to create their own churches. The Presbyterian Church had Groups such as Young people-junior high, senior high, young adults, Mens Activities club, Womens National Loyal League, Co-Workers Club, Young Womens Progressive Club, and Swift Memorial Missionary Society(beginning 5). These Groups Gave the African-American citizens the chance to actively engage with one another. There were several womens groups, and each woman could belong to more than one (beginning 6). This gave the women the opportunity to meet new women and connect with them. This also gave them the chance to hear others opinions and how they feel building a better understanding of one another, therefore creating a congregation of powerful women. The Womens National Loyal League was a congregation of women during the Cold War supporting the Union War effort which abolished slavery(Womens 1). The women helped the Union troops by shipping foods, clothes, and helping in the United States Sanitary Commission(Womens 1). These actions gave the women a small political role in society, so the women started to urge the emancipation of African American (Women 1). These actions would cause things such as the freedom of African American slaves. The things the women did can also cause women to gain over time a strong role in the American society. This also brings a small sense of unity between some white and African American citizens. Boy Scouts was created with the scoutmaster being Mr.Lynne Hoye and Youth Choir directed by Mrs.Nan Currington( Beginning 6). These programs for the youth could help keep them from the cruel racial events and problems that African-Americans encountered. The Boy Scouts could help with teaching and disciplining young African-American children and young men how to be a proper young man and how to act in everyday life. The Youth Choir can help with getting more people to potentially believe in God if they felt the presence of the Lord influencing people to join the church. Black Churches worked with Allegany County Certified teachers in Sunday school(Beginning 5). With teachers working at the Sunday schools, this gave them a chance to teach many children about their savior. Since the Sunday school teacher was certified teachers they can also help with teaching children academics as well as help them with work. A woman from Grace Church by the name of Mrs.Alma Illery created a health center in Pittsburgh. The healthcare center was a private, nonprofit community-based health care center9(primary 1). The medical center has nine medical buildings, seven healthcare for the homeless, four for dental services, and 1 for family services for mostly lower-income families 9 (primary 1). This gave black people the opportunity to get medical attention when needed. These centers also provide a center for low-income black families to be supported. There were equal opportunities that were given to homeless citizens to get dental care and medical care. These centers would bring the black community to a unified position. The role of the Grace Memorial Presbyterian Church became a more dependable source for the African American citizens in the U.S. The article did not talk a lot about the Hill District but based on the reading it is assumed that the Presbyterian churches gave the chance to African-Americans in the Hill District area, a place to worship. The churches also gave the youth and adults the opportunity to join the many programs the churches offered. The Presbyterian Church also gave the Hill District a way to connect with all of the other churches. Black Churches such as the Presbyterian Church were the glue to the African-American Society. Throughout African-American history, Black Churches such as the Presbyterian Church was involved in a lot of the historical events often helping the black community grow as one big family. These churches brought the black congregation to get an understanding of one another along with what racial problems they were dealing with and how to deal with them. The African-American churches caused the black citizens to never give up and always see the light no matter how bad things got furthermore, to never act violently. Presbyterian Churches highly influenced the black communities.

Gender And Environmental Exploitation Eco Feminism

Gender and Environmental Exploitation Eco-Feminism is a conceptual idea in a direct response due to Androcentrism a concept that places man as the centric structure and leaves women and the environment under forms of oppression. Androcentrism originated in the 16th century when mass colonization and European exploration occurred in which not only exploited Atlantic cultures, but also environments spanning across the Atlantic. Furthermore, women and environment were placed below man and therefore were placed out of the centric structure and into the peripheral. As a result, a group in the peripheral raised, the Feminist. Ultimately, Feminism is an attempt to undo the exploitation of women and place women and men on the same footing. In the book Anthrocentirsm and Androcentrism by Val Plumwood, she states Feminism â€Å"is focused on androcentric, phallocentric, as theoretical alignments of its centric aspect of sexism (Anthrocentrism and Androcentric Page 328). By implementing Feminism, women are placing themselves out of the peripheral and bringing themselves into the center. Feminism is present in political groups such as the Green Party and the Democratic Party, most notably through Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton. In the book Eco-Imagination Africa and Diaspora Literature and Sustainability Rita Dandridge examines how the local environmental crisis in a poor southern United States town underlies other problems manifested in race, class, and gender relations.†Show MoreRelatedUnder Western Eyes : Feminist Scholarship And Colonial Discourses And The Rise Of Ecofeminism As A Development Fable936 Words   |  4 Pageselement in feminism itself, and of naivety, validity and value of essentialized feminist works. This firstly challenges the biological and social definition of ‘woman,’ the homogenization of ‘woman’, and further, the implication of the role of women in nature. 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Functions of Retail Management Free Essays

FUNCTIONS OF RETAIL MANAGEMENT When attempting to start a business, having a keen understanding of the goals of management through the main four management functions is one key to seeing success, both with the operation and with employees. With this said, a vital part of planning of the management end will involve three important activities. The first stage, â€Å"planning involves developing a systematic process for attaining the goals of the organization†¦ Leaders make change happen through planning instead of reacting to change† (EntEd 2007). We will write a custom essay sample on Functions of Retail Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first of which will be to lay out the goals that will be set for the hypothetical sporting goods store used as the example, the second will be to create a business plan since â€Å"the development of the business plan greatly helps to clarify the organization’s plans and ensure that key leaders are all ‘on the same script. ‘ Far more important than the plan document is the planning process itself† (McNamara 2007). During the process of coming up with this business plan, hopefully as a manager we can begin to foresee any challenges we might face, especially if those challenges arise because of unpredictable circumstances that even the most careful planning could not predict or take measures to prevent. In short, having a process that all members present at the beginning of the organization can understand and work with in the form of a business plan is the key to success. During this planning process as we begin to decide what some of the most basic building blocks of this business are going to be (location, inventory, costs, marketing, etc. ) and through this act of working things out together in a permanent fashion, brainstorming about coming changes and challenges should naturally occur. The four functions of Management will clearly demonstrate how the functions operate in this business operation and how, in the light of the tangible situation being presented, management can avoid possible pitfalls and see how these functions operate simultaneously and are interdependent on one another. With a solid business plan firmly in place and a list of goals and anticipated changes recorded and recognized, the second important function of management, organization, is necessary. â€Å"Organizing brings together the nonhuman resources needed to achieve the project’s objectives. To organize is to manage†¦ It begins with the need to define requirements† (Richman 2006). In order to serve this important function of management, it is necessary to use what was established in the planning stages to begin to carry out the first measures to live out the plan. As a manager, this will involve a great deal of research and personal organization as I look for the best strategies to carry out different smaller aspects of the business plan. This is also the stage where I begin to look to my subordinates for assistance and when I give them the chance to assist with the many activities necessary before the sporting goods store opens. This stage involves a great deal of gathering of supplies and building processes that will sustain the store and in order to make the best use of the time spent organizing, directing will become one of the most important functions of management. As one definition states, â€Å"Directing communicates the goals, purposes, procedures, and means to those who will do the work. Directing is the process of communicating the plan, whether orally or in writing† (Richmond 2006). This is particularly succinct definition in terms of the sporting goods store because so much will be required to adhere to the business plan. The organization alone must be managed with attention to detail and it will be one of my primary duties to help workers understand the value of each of their functions through careful and organized direction. Throughout the organization process and especially as things are moving along according to the plan and the business nears opening, it is vital that directing is a main focus. Since I plan on having two managers and four employees, I want everyone to be on the same page as I am. It will be important for them to realize how every task they complete connects to the goals or the business plan so there is a sense of value and something at stake. Directing will not end at this stage or even after the business is open, it will continue to be a necessary component that I must actively keep p with in order for this sporting goods store to succeed. Controlling goes hand in hand with directing as it will be important for me as a manager and owner to match the tasks delegated with the business plan and goals so that I can keep firm tabs on how we are progressing. This not only involves monitoring of progress but being vigilant so that if negative changes are occurring I can resolve the issue. A s Richman (2006) more succinctly puts it, when it comes to controlling, â€Å"in project management terms, it involves determining variances from the approved plan, then taking action to correct those variances. Through my fulfilling of these four important functions of management, I would be a permissive leader. For a small business like this sporting goods store that has a very small number of employees and only two other managers, it is necessary to allow everyone to have an equal hand in important decisions. While directing is a large part of my responsibility, I would still like to allow employees and managers a great deal of leeway concerning how they perform the tasks assigned and if those decisions on how to work are not productive, only then will I step in and be directive. This is a rather democratic way to manage this store, but hopefully it will foster the sense that the few people involved have a great deal at stake since they’ve personally and professional put distinct efforts into the business. By employing the for functions of Management effectively and in particular, emphasizing my role in directing and controlling, I can maintain a less structured management style while still seeing profits. How to cite Functions of Retail Management, Papers